All in a day's work: Tomato sauce, green tomato pickles, and more!

Canning, once more widely regarded as a chore than a hobby, is making a comeback as a pleasurable pastime by combining the do-it-yourself spirit of crafting with the sustainable food movement’s emphasis on seasonal, local fruits and vegetables.

ESPM graduate student, Kayje Booker, was inspired to start canning when she saw a jar of pickled beans selling for $8. Remembering her mom’s pickled beans, a childhood favorite, she called home and got the recipe. It turned out other grad school friends were interested in canning too, and so they’ve mixed learning about putting food away with socializing, spending two to three weekends a year canning tomatoes, tomato sauce, peaches, pluots, and of course, beans.

You don’t need much to get started canning. Ideally you would begin by having someone who knows how to can walk you through it. (Fortunately, one of Kayje’s friends, who had learned from her grandmother, was able to teach her.) But if that’s not possible, you should be able to teach yourself from a book with thorough instructions. Several Bay Area organizations also offer classes, but they can be quite expensive. Winging it is not an option because of real health risks; a teacher or a good book is imperative.

Canning does not require much specialized equipment. Jars and lids can be purchased at most hardware stores. (These should be sterilized before use.) A tall soup pot will work for creating a boiling water bath. One purchase Kayje recommends is a jar lifter for transferring jars in and out of boiling water. Some foods, like tomato sauce, require a pressure canner, but that’s a serious investment not necessary for the beginner. To find your fruits or vegetables, try the farmer’s market. Some farmers sell kitchen grade or “aesthetically challenged” fruit at lower prices, others offer lower rates when you buy in bulk, or if you’re comfortable bargaining you may be able to get a deal on produce leftover at the end of the day.

Kayje’s recommendations for others who want to try their hand at canning? It’s a nice activity to do with friends because it’s more fun that way and at certain points in the process there’s a lot going on at once so it’s good to have many hands available to help. Although the tradition among Kayje and her friends has become day-long canning parties, you don’t have to start that way; depending on what you’re canning, you can easily do it in an evening.

Finally, a word of warning: the bacterium that produces the toxin that causes botulism, a potentially fatal disease, also resists high temperatures and forms spores that thrive in moist, airless conditions, exactly the environment found in a jar of canned food. These bacteria don’t grow in the presence of acid, so until you have more experience and the right equipment (a pressure canner is necessary for low-acid foods), stick to fruits and foods preserved with vinegar.

Here are a few canning resources for the curious. Please suggest more!

Books: Ball Complete Book of Home Preserving; Well Preserved; not a how-to, but for inspiration, Barbara Kingsolver’s Animal, Vegetable, Miracle.

Websites: Punk domestics

Classes: Happy Girl Kitchen; The Institute of Urban Homesteading; Yes We Can, a community-supported canning project; Urban Kitchen SF; and June Taylor.

West Berkeley trailer taken with a vintage Diana camera

Editor’s note: Last semester, a reader requested information on graduate student hobbies. So this semester we are occasionally featuring the activities different graduate students have taken up in their free time. Please let us know if you have a hobby you’d like to share.

Enjoy using your smartphone apps to create photos with a vintage feel? Ever wonder what it would take to create those shots with real film? It’s actually a lot easier, and a lot more fun, than you might think. Lee Otis, a recent Anthropology Ph.D., along with several friends from his department developed a keen interest in photography using vintage or “toy” cameras to create images with a nostalgic feel. The basic idea is to use a camera or film that is so old, or poorly made, that the resulting images reflect a certain low-fidelity aesthetic.

“It was just something that we started doing to take a break from school. We’re all archaeologists, so we’re naturally drawn to old stuff, like these cameras,” Lee Otis explains. Part of the thrill of toy camera photography is that you never know what you are going to get. “With digital, you get crystal clear shots that you can see immediately. With a toy camera, you won’t see your photos for a few days at best, and even then you may have light leaks, lens distortion, or who knows what other defects—but for me, that’s the best part.” The vagaries of using a cheap plastic camera or expired film may produce some headaches, but when everything goes right (or wrong, as the case may be), it’s not hard to see why smartphone applications try to mimic the effects.

Getting started…

The gold standard of toy camera photography is the Holga—a cheap plastic camera mass-produced in China since the 1980s.  The most basic Holga model is the 120N, which is a simple box camera with a fixed shutter speed that uses 120 format film—hence the model name.  The Holga also has a tripod mount (a rarity among toy cameras), allowing for long exposures such as those necessary for night or infrared photography. Holga has now diversified to offer a number of variants of its classic 120N, as well as models that use 35mm film. Holgas start at about $30.00.

Maine lighthouse taken with a Holga 120N

The Diana is probably the second most popular toy camera on the market. The Diana 151 as well as myriad clones and knock-offs proliferated from Hong Kong factories in the 1960s and 1970s. Like the Holga, Dianas use 120, or medium format, film. The most prized toy camera is the Fujipet. This camera has space-age styling and was only sold domestically in Japan during the late ’50s and early ‘60s. Accordingly, it is very difficult to find in the U.S., and examples on internet auction sites typically sell for over $200.00. Original Dianas can be had for less than a quarter of that price.

Film is still readily available at specialty shops. Looking Glass Photo in Berkeley stocks a wide variety of 120 film from various suppliers. Most pharmacies can’t develop 120 film, but Looking Glass as well as Photolab (also in Berkeley) can process your film and create prints of your photographs. As Lee Otis suggests, however, “In the digital age, even analog photography is online. Most of the fun is sharing your photos on sites like Flickr.” In that case, you may want the lab to scan your negatives for you—or for a somewhat larger investment, you can pick up a flatbed scanner with an insert for medium format negatives.

Want to get into analog photography, but don’t want to have to wait to get your photos developed? Instant cameras are also a big part of the vintage photography scene. Polaroid film is officially discontinued, but the spirit lives on at the Impossible Project (Fuji still makes instant film and cameras for the time being too).

Oakland motel shot with a Polaroid camera using expired film

Sensing there must be many people with similar goals, Mark Bittman of the New York Times recently shared three recipes that fit the bill.  I tried and highly recommend “Lentils and Rice With or Without Pork.” (Follow the link for the recipe and several ideas for variations on this theme: next up at my house, smoky red beans and rice.) I included the optional bacon and would encourage other omnivores to do the same since it adds a nice smoky flavor, but the dish will still be good as well as less expensive if you exclude the pork.

All together I spent $13.51 on ingredients, but that inflates the cost of this meal, although it may accurately reflect what you need to spend out of pocket to get started. It’s definitely possible to spend less because, despite my resolution to save, I didn’t always buy the cheapest options or the smallest quantities. At Trader Joe’s I bought 5 cups of brown rice for $2.99 (enough for 5 batches of this recipe),  a package of Niman Ranch bacon for $4.69 (my most expensive purchase, but good for 3 batches if you freeze the remainder), and celery for $1.69 (probably can be purchased cheaper elsewhere). At Safeway I spent $1.14 on lentils and at the farmer’s market I spent roughly $3 dollars on a bunch of carrots, a bunch of parsley, and an onion (at most stores you could buy a single carrot to bring the overall cost down further or you could use the leftover carrots and parsley to make this recipe again). I had oil, garlic, and bay leaves on hand.

One pot of lentils and rice fed two hungry people (we both had seconds) for dinner and for lunch the next day and appeared again as part of an all leftover dinner later in the week, making the price per person per meal roughly $2.70. Keep in mind that this estimate is a little high since I now have enough extra of some ingredients to make this again with a much shorter shopping list, and I could have shopped smarter by buying from the bulk section of the store and picking my produce more carefully.

If you’re looking to eat well while saving money, be sure to check out this recipe. Enjoy!

Ponderosa Cake

• 1 stick of butter (1/2 cup), softened
• 1 cup granulated sugar
• 1 egg
• 1/2 tsp vanilla
• 3/4 – 1 cup mashed bananas (2-3 bananas)
• 1 1/2 cups (either whole wheat or all purpose) flour
• 1 tsp baking power
• 1 tsp baking soda
• 1/2 cup sour cream
• 1/2 tsp cinnamon
• 1/4 cup brown sugar
• 3/4 cup chocolate chips

Preheat oven to 350° F. In a large mixing bowl, cream butter and sugar. Stir in egg, then add vanilla and mashed bananas; mix together. In a separate bowl, combine flour, baking soda, and baking powder. Add the dry ingredients to the banana mixture, alternating with the sour cream. To make the topping, mix together brown sugar and cinnamon. Put half the batter in a bread pan or an 8″ x 8″ cake pan. Sprinkle half of the topping over this layer along with half the chocolate chips. Pour in remaining batter and top with the remaining cinnamon-sugar mixture and chocolate chips. Bake for 50-60 minutes.

Note: I can’t locate the blog where I originally found this recipe, so I’m linking to two others, one with step-by-step pictures.

Photo from flickr user Mazaletel

Last summer, first-time chicken owner and Berkeley post-doc, Tana Wood, walked us through the ins and outs of urban chicken ownership. Nearly a year later, we caught up with Tana again, who reported that raising your own chickens is more challenging than she and her housemates realized at the start of their experiment in urban farming.

Chickens, it turns out, are messier, more destructive, and trickier than they first seemed. First, the amount of chicken poop soon got out of hand, requiring daily maintenance. “The yard became a mine field,” said Tana. Second, although the chickens did relatively little damage to the garden in the first few months, they destroyed it in a matter of weeks once they began laying and their appetites increased. And third, with free range of the backyard, the chickens and their eggs proved to be elusive. The chickens frequently moved their nest, leading to many an unplanned egg hunt. Tana also learned that chickens do not stay put when they suspect the grass is greener in the neighbor’s yard. One chicken set out to explore the neighborhood and was gone for three days.

Because of these problems, the biggest change Tana and her housemates have made is to move their five chickens into an enclosure, which they have found to be a huge improvement. Using PVC and plastic chicken wire they constructed a 10 x 15 foot enclosure around the coop with a door for easy human access, an addition that cost about $100. For another $90 they added a roof made out of PVC and plastic corrugated paneling to provide shade on sunny days and shelter on rainy days. To keep poop clean-up to a minimum, they cover the inside with hay (about $12 a bale at the Biofuel Oasis), which the chickens love; at the end of the week they can either compost the hay or use it as mulch on the garden. They also keep a pine-litter-filled tray under the chickens’ roost, which helps contain the poop and the smell.  Inside the enclosure they’ve added a dirt box, so the chickens can take the dirt baths they need to stay clean and pest free. Rounding out the chickens’ new home, Tana added two nests, which she made from Booda cat litter boxes by enlarging the openings and lining them with hay.

Finally, what was just annoying last summer – waking up at 6 am each day to let the chickens out and getting home at dark to lock them up for the night – soon became a burden and also made it harder to find people willing to look after the chickens. To solve this problem, Tana installed an automatic chicken coop door that operates on a timer.  For Tana, this door was well worth the $120 it cost; with it in place, the coop is automatically opened at dawn and closed one hour after dusk.

While raising chickens can been fun and rewarding, keep in mind that it’s not always easy.

As you may have guessed, there is.  Frozen banana “ice cream” is a delicious dairy-free, refined-sugar-free treat that will satisfy virtuous vegan and lascivious lactophile alike. And the best part is you can make it at home, without a fancy ice cream maker or any other special kitchen equipment beyond a basic food processor.  All you have to do is chop and freeze a few bananas (two or three make a suitable serving):

Toss them in the food processor:

And blend until creamy, usually about five minutes:

You may need to stop and scrape the blade a few times so it keeps blending smoothly, and if your food processor is like mine (ancient, cheap, or for any other reason reluctant to actually process food), you may want to let the fruit thaw for a few minutes first.

The result is more like soft-serve than traditional ice cream: smooth, sweet, and impossibly creamy.

If this still sounds too much like health food to you – and let’s face it, part of the pleasure of ice cream is that it’s naughty – feel free to vamp it up.  A quarter cup or so of almond milk (or the regular old dairy variety) adds extra creaminess.  For a semi-healthy fudge sauce, mix two parts liquid sweetener (I like agave, but maple syrup would probably work too) with one part plain cocoa powder.  Add a sprinkling of chopped nuts, and you have yourself a deconstructed (or is it reconstructed?) banana split.  You could also intensify the flavor by adding a dash of cinnamon, scraping out half a vanilla bean, or tossing in a small handful of frozen strawberries or raspberries before blending.

So put those neglected, browning bananas on your counter out of their misery and into the freezer.  Then, instead of seeking solace for your writing woes in Chunky Monkey, make your own version: it won’t make you chunky, it’ll save you a chunk of cash, and it might just get you through that paper.

These refrigerator dill pickles are tasty, inexpensive, and can be made in just a few easy steps.

Refrigerator Dill Pickles

Makes about 2 quarts

1. Wash and slice 14-16 pickling cucumbers.

2. Add 4 Tablespoons minus 1 teaspoon salt to a quart of water and bring to a boil.

3. In each of two sterilized 1-quart jars put:

• 1 Tablespoon plus 1 teaspoon white vinegar
• 2 garlic cloves, peeled and sliced
• 1/2 teaspoon pickling spice
• 1/4 teaspoon celery seed
• 2 bay leaves
• 2 small bunches of fresh dill
• half the cucumbers from step 1

4. Pour the boiling salted water to within a 1/2 inch of the top of the jar and seal.

5. Place jars in the fridge for 1-2 weeks. Eat within one week of opening.

The finished product

Despite its urban setting, the Bay Area can be the perfect place to connect with your inner farmer while still finding time to study for qualifying exams.  From container gardening to raised beds, there are many ways to grow your own food in graduate school. For this post, I caught up with Berkeley post-doc Tana Wood who has been raising chickens in the backyard of her East Bay apartment. Here’s what she had to say about life as an urban chicken owner.

While it may be possible to purchase older chickens, most people start out with chicks. Tana’s first chicks, who arrived still small enough to fit side-by-side in the palm of her hand, initially lived indoors. As their feathers start to grow, chicks can go outside during the day and when they’re fully feathered, they can move outdoors full time. For Tana, this meant sharing her apartment with a set of chicks, kept warm in a brooder, for four to six weeks.

When I asked Tana what she did to prepare for chickens, she said she did some research online and then she just went for it. But if you’re worried about winging it, there are several classes on backyard chickens available locally. It’s also a good idea to check out your city’s chicken-related ordinances. In Oakland, for instance, roosters are prohibited within the city limits. And Tana contacted all her neighbors, giving them a letter with contact information in case they should find an escaped chicken wandering through their yard or had a problem with the noise. So far no complaints!

For those considering chickens, Tana recommends getting as much ready as possible beforehand or while they’re still young and living in the house. This is the time to purchase or build the coop, buy their feeder, water dispenser, and locate a place to buy feed and other supplies.  It’s essential to make sure your coop is reinforced and secure.  As Tana found out the hard way, “There are raccoons in Berkeley. And they do eat chickens.” One night a raccoon forced its way into the coop and ate Flo. Chickens are flocking animals and they get lonely on their own. So, Tana added two more chicks to her flock after the unfortunate raccoon incident. Because they’re social creatures, it’s important to buy chickens in pairs (and some places won’t sell them solo).

It’s also a good idea to get your yard ready. Tana’s chickens are free range, roaming around her fenced backyard. If your backyard isn’t fenced or you’re concerned about the damage chickens might do, you may still be able to raise chickens with a chicken run, which is a cage that you can move around. For Tana, the chickens fit naturally with the garden and compost pile she already had. If you have a garden, they will wander, scratch, and snack in there. Tana’s found that they don’t damage plants that are already well established, but that you would want to protect your baby lettuces and the like.  Chickens also like a little loose dirt, so they can take dirt baths, which is how they clean themselves.

One final consideration is who can chicken-sit when you’re away or staying out late. It’s a good idea to identify roommates, neighbors, or friends who are willing to let your chickens out in the morning and lock them up at night when you can’t do it.  You don’t want to come home from an exciting night at the grad social to find the neighborhood raccoons feasting on your flock. Another thing to keep in mind is that chickens live 6 to 8 years, but they only lay eggs for the first three or so. Some people eat their chickens when they stop producing, but for Tana they already feel too much like pets.

Once you’ve got everything set up, caring for your chickens is surprisingly easy, says Tana. Since they don’t overeat, their food gets left out in a feeder, which Tana estimates she refills once a week. Chickens need fresh, clean water every day. Tana’s chickens have a big water container, but she cleans out the dish at the bottom daily since stuff tends to get in it.  Most importantly, you need to lock them up at night so they don’t get eaten.

Last but certainly not least, what does it take to clean up after your feathered friends? Tana has lined her coop with paper and pine chips. This gets cleaned out whenever it’s dirty, and since the chickens only use it at night, it doesn’t get dirty too quickly. Tana estimates she cleans it about once every other week. As a final consideration, Tana does sweep off the backyard patio before guests come over. Fortunately, sun-dried chicken poop cleans up quickly. And the pine-chip and paper lining from the coop goes straight into the compost pile. Rich in phosphorus and nitrogen, it can’t be applied directly to a garden, but it does make excellent compost.

In Tana’s experience, raising her own chickens has been easy. They’re low maintenance, they amuse themselves, and they’ll amuse you. And after a few months they’ll start producing your very own free-range eggs. Tana’s oldest chicken, Betty, should lay her first egg any day now.

Resources for raising your own backyard chickens:

Ranch Hag Hens, Petaluma, CA, has coops, supplies, organic feed, and a large selection of chicken breeds.

The Biofuel Oasis, Berkeley, CA, offers chicken classes and organic chicken feed.

The Institute for Urban Homesteading, Oakland, CA, also gives classes on raising backyard chickens.

Lucky Dog Pet Store, Berkeley, CA, carries chickens.

You can read about Tana’s most recent assessment of her chicken raising experience here.

Editor’s Note: As this blog develops we’ll be introducing regular features, one of which will focus on interesting do-it-yourself projects.This post is the first in that series. Please contact the blog administrators if you have an idea for a project you’d like to see featured here.